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June 18, 2025

Talbot Spy

Nonpartisan Education-based News for Talbot County Community

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Conversations with Craig Fuller: Ambassador and Author Frank Lavin

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My friend and former White House colleague Ambassador Frank Lavin has a book coming out in March about his experience in the White House and Administration of President Ronald Reagan.  It’s told in unique way through the author’s own first hand experiences as a member of the White House staff, the Commerce Department and then later as the U.S. Ambassador to Singapore.  He also sought out groups of former colleagues who shared with him their stories and recollections.
We enjoyed a conversation recently about the book and his approach to sharing insights about the Reagan presidency and some of the lessons he took from his time in government.
Those interested can purchase the book on Amazon here.
Here is a short description of Inside the Reagan White House: A Front-Row Seat to Presidential Leadership with Lessons for Today
What makes a good White House memoir? The right mix of personal stories, insight on the president, discussion of policy and historical events, and crazy, colorful anecdotes that capture the reader’s attention.

Inside the Reagan White House has all this—plus a vivid take on the Reagan assassination attempt, , Gorbachev and the Reykjavik summit, Ollie North and the Contras, , the 1988 Bush-Dukakis contest—and other critical moments of that era.

Original insight on Ronald Reagan, as well as discussions of cabinet members and others, are interspersed with personal anecdotes, off-hand comments, and unique family details that historians and general readers will love.

On the colorful side, the action moves from movie stars to Soviet spies to (literal) knife fights, neo-Nazis, plain old Nazis, intimate affairs, fights on planes, and con men chased by INTERPOL.

And at the heart of the story are the thousands of dedicated, patriotic Americans who helped Ronald Reagan as he worked to push back against the Soviet Union, promote democracy, improve trade, lower taxes, and reduce the size and scope of government.
Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

Midair collision over the Potomac: Week two update by Craig Fuller

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There is news in every direction these days, but I still follow the press conferences by the National Traffic Safety Board (NTSB) concerning the midair collision over the Potomac River one week ago.

As I shared with my first post on this topic, I try to avoid speculation about aircraft accidents until all the facts are known. Having flown for 50 years, I know there are always a number of factors that go into any accident.

Yesterday, the NTSB shared important information, and I do think they are narrowing the focus in a search to determine what happened.

It seems clear that the commercial regional jet accepted a change in their approach to land on runway 33 at Reagan National and was carrying out that maneuver when the collision occurred. It is also clear that since the collision occurred at about 300 feet, the Black Hawk military helicopter was above an altitude restriction of 200 feet. Flight tracking also suggests the helicopter diverted from the standard flight path.

The question remains: why?

Here are the areas of inquiry that most interest me.

The tower controller:

  • he can be heard on at least two occasions, telling the pilot of the Black Hawk helicopter that they have traffic and both times the helicopter pilot stated they had the traffic in sight….we should find out what the tower controller saw on his screen with regard to the helicopter’s altitude. It should not have been above 200 feet.
  • because the controller was told the traffic was in sight by the helicopter, the controller did not provide any reference information about where the traffic was in relationship to the helicopter nor did he provide a heading that would have kept the helicopter away from the aircraft…not so much an error as a very unfortunate omission.
  • the helicopter pilot requested a “visual separation clearance,” and the controller responded, “vis sep approved.” What did the controller mean exactly (more below)?

The Black Hawk Pilot:

  • traffic was pointed out twice to the helicopter and twice the pilot reported “traffic in sight.” It is highly doubtful in my view that the helicopter actually saw the traffic the controller cautioned about….pilots just don’t hit things they see.
  • the helicopter pilot, upon receiving the second caution for traffic, said they had it in sight and requested a “visual separation clearance.” What did he actually mean by that (more below)?
  • and, most importantly, why would the helicopter have been high and slightly off the designated course for the route they were flying, even making a slight turn to the right apparently before the crash which was away from their flight path?

The Helicopter’s Altimeter

  • these devices are very accurate provided the correct barometric pressure is set manually into the altimeter. NTSB will closely examine this and all instruments aboard the helicopter, but even a small error in a setting could cause a 100 foot deviation where the indicated altitude was different than the actual altitude. Had the altimeter setting been updated on a very cold (20 degree) night is something we should know. In listening to the voice recording, the tower controller was informing landing aircraft of the proper altimeter setting and it was changing.

About “pilot/controller speak:”

One of the important aspects of our air traffic management system is the language used by controllers and pilots is carefully constructed and common across the entire system.

In over 5,000 hours of flying, I have many times been instructed by a controller to “maintain visual separation” from another aircraft. This instruction is issued when a pilot sees the other aircraft and it specifically requires the pilot to “maneuver” in a manner to avoid the other aircraft.

Now, I did not fly helicopters, but in all of my flying I never requested a “visual separation clearance.” Interestingly, the tower controller “granted” the request, instructing the helicopter to pass behind the traffic.

At that moment, the collision was seconds away.

Hopefully the cockpit voice recorders will reveal exactly what the helicopter pilots elected to do with their “clearance.” The flight records suggest they turned slightly right and climbed above 200 feet. The question remains, why? Did they believe the 200 foot restriction was lifted? Did the altimeter show an altitude of 200 feet when it was actually 300 feet? Did they turn to stay behind an aircraft other than the one that the controller cautioned them about?

While the focused has narrowed, the questions remain. However, it seems we are getting closer to learning why.

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

A midair tragedy last night in Washington by Craig Fuller

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The only place to begin is to express condolences to those who lost their lives and to their families and friends. The people on both of the aircraft involved in this midair collision left the ground fully expecting to return safely. Tribute must also be paid to the hundreds of first responders who moved quickly to save lives.

I have flown airplanes since the age of 17, logging over 5,000 hours of flight as the pilot in command of aircraft from two-seat fabric-covered airplanes to business jet aircraft. Hence, when something happens like the tragedy experienced over the Potomac River – something extraordinarily rare – people ask, “what happened?”

Like all pilots, I have an aversion to speculation because there is much to be learned and the early speculation is often shown to be in error.

That said, there are a number of known factors. I am certain that our air traffic system is the safest in the world. It was yesterday, and it is today. One of the reasons is that the aviation community looks into every incident to learn from it as a means of correcting any circumstances that can prevent future accidents.

So, here are some of the known factors:

Weather

It was a clear night in Washington, D.C. Ironically, that is a significant factor. Had there been low overcast, the training mission for the helicopter would likely not have been conducted. Also, the commercial jet was established on a long approach to a long runway at Reagan National and the controllers asked the pilots to shift to a shorter runway. In clear weather with visual conditions, that is not unusual, but it increases the workload on the pilots as they are on a short approach to the landing. Lastly, on a clear night, near the ground the bright lights can make spotting other aircraft challenging.

Flight Paths

It is being stated by officials that both aircraft were on standard flight paths. If this proves correct, it means the pilots were not in error navigating their respective aircraft.

Through flight tracking and listening to air traffic controllers, it is evident that there were numerous arrivals and departures being conducted at Reagan National. It is also the case that the commuter aircraft flew a standard pattern and was on final approach to the longest runway at the airport. The controllers, likely working to manage air traffic flow, asked the commercial pilot if he could accept the shorter Runway (known as 33). The pilot accepted the request. There is no error in doing this, but it means that near the ground, the two pilots in the cockpit would be reconfiguring their systems for a new approach to landing. Under any approach to landing, it is busy in the cockpit with attention focused on making judgements associated with the landing.

There is equipment onboard to warn of other aircraft in the area; however, near the ground with multiple aircraft in the air and busy with adjusting to the new runway, pilots may well not have seen a risk with indicators of traffic near them.

Communication with the Helicopter

Reports indicate that there were three people onboard the military helicopter. It is also reported to have been flying around 300 feet above the ground. Again, on a clear night in busy airspace, it is challenging to monitor air traffic.

Then came a warning from air traffic control to the helicopter pilot that there was a commercial jet ahead of them on approach to landing. The helicopter pilot replied that the aircraft was in sight and they would maintain visual separation.

One reality, since the beginning of flight with more than one aircraft in the air, is that pilots do not hit what they can see. It is not known yet, but I suspect the helicopter pilot identified an aircraft other than the one the air traffic controller was warning him about. Indeed it was only seconds later that the collision occurred.

 

Like virtually all tragedies involving aircraft, there is not just one reason for the incident. It is also true that if just one factor was removed from the events that transpired (e.g. the runway change did not occur; or, the volume of traffic was less), perhaps there would have been no collision.

It should be said that there has been consistent pressure on Reagan National to accept more flights into and out of the airport. Ironically, one Member of Congress stated last night that he had lobbied to get American to fly the route from Wichita in to Washington.

So, there remains much to be studied in the days and weeks ahead. Clearly, there was a failure resulting in tragic consequences. What we must do is rely upon the facts and learn from them how to reduce the risk of accidents on clear nights in busy airspace.

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.u

 

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

The Classic Motor Museum starts a new trip in St. Michaels: Craig Fuller talks to Mike Iandolo

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Classic Motor Museum board member Mike Iandolo joined in a conversation with the Spy’s Craig Fuller at the end of last week, soon after closing on acquiring new property in St. Michaels for the Museum.

 Mike Iandolo talks about the journey they have been on during this first phase of a project to renovate and restore the property leading into the Town of St. Michaels to its earlier appearance as a 1950s-style service station.

When completed, the new facility will provide service bays as a hands-on classroom for the Museum’s automotive apprenticeship program.  Further renovation will provide exhibition and storage space.

This video is approximately ten minutes in length. More about the work of the Museum and a look at some of the vehicles now on exhibit can be found on their website:  classicmotormuseum.org

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

A Community Town Hall focuses on education in Talbot County by Craig Fuller

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The Avalon Foundation and The Spy collaborated on another in a series of candidate Town Halls with the most recent this week bringing together a live and online audience with candidates seeking seats on the Talbot County Board of Education.

You can view the 90-minute conversation plus the audience questions and answers by clicking here.

The conversation was candid, informative and very constructive.  It was honestly refreshing listening to knowledgeable individuals, each of whom has an opponent, talking substantively about the role of a member of the Board of Education and about the issues confronting public schools today.  There viewpoints were offered without tearing town others, and their insights came based on exceptional experience with education.

As I reflect on our conversation, I truly admire these strong individuals who, with backgrounds in education and in parenting, now seek a role on the School Board.  I believe our community is fortunate to have people with a passion for education and the needs of our young people stepping forward and to seek these elected positions.

As I listened to the discussion, I came away with the thought that in our Talbot County schools we face all the issues seen across the nation from curriculum questions, to discipline, to the approach so necessary as all said to meet today’s students where they are at and consider the whole set of circumstances these young individuals face.

I was also impressed that we have people dedicated at every level to work with students and their families.  So often, we focus on the teacher.  But, those seeking the School Board role spoke eloquently about the importance of guidance counselors in the schools, about principals and the leadership that makes a significant difference.  And, then, up to the Superintendent and the School Board and the important roles they play in setting policy and direction for our schools.

The candidates spoke frankly about the need to improve achievement in math, reading and other important elements of K-12 education.  Suffice it to say, those with careers in education are not satisfied with where scores are at today.  However, they described creative approaches and the commitment by all levels to improve student achievement.  The candidates also described the importance of preparing young people for whatever path forward they may travel whether to the trades or to college or some other path.

Our discussion provided an better understanding about results from the Spy’s recent survey around the degree of satisfaction with K-12 education.  While satisfaction nationally is below 50%, the Spy readers by a two out of three margin registered satisfaction with K-12 education in Talbot County.

It is clear that with strong leaders throughout our educational system, continuous improvement is possible.

For those living in districts (districts 2, 5 and 6) where school board candidates are on the ballot, I hope you will watch our Town Hall meeting.

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

MPT, the Chesapeake Bay and Viewers Like You: A Chat with Station Manager Steven Schupak

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While there are a number of things that bring all Marylanders together, crabs being the best known, there has always been special affection for Maryland Public Television since it started broadcasting in 1969.
Beyond becoming an important portal for high-quality television productions by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, MPT distinguished itself early on as one of the most innovative local producers of news and other special interest subject. That included the highly successful finance talk show, Wall $treet Week with Louis Rukeyser, the popular MotorWeek, and the revered State Circle with Jeff Salkin.
While MPT remains on the state’s most admired list, Steven Schupak, the channel’s station manager, is tasked with envisioning its future in an era of social media, the web, and endless programming choices.
In Craig Fuller’s ongoing series of interviews with major stakeholders, he invites Steven to discuss MPT’s new era of serving Marylanders, and particularly its renewed commitment to covering the Chesapeake Bay’s history, commerce, and environmental challenges.
This video is approximately minutes in length. For more information about MPT please go here.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

So Much Money, So Little Time by Craig Fuller

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After anticipation of President Biden’s withdrawal stretching for weeks, the fact of it occurring less than 24 hours ago feels stunning. However, the stunning part may be how fast events are moving to anoint and fund Vice President Kamala Harris.

President Biden had a choice and he wasted no time with an immediate endorsement of Vice President Harris, claiming his selection of her to be Vice President was the best decision he’d made.

Just as importantly, the Biden campaign followed up yesterday evening by transferring the nearly $96 million in the Biden campaign to Vice President Harris. And, that was topped off by what is reportedly the largest one day fundraising record of this election cycle as the Harris campaign raised $46.7 million. Larger amounts are being pledged by the Super PAC funders and one report indicated that President Biden would hit the road to raise money where he will be welcomed as a hero during every event at which he appears.

The “hill” for any other Democrat thinking of running just became very, very steep!

Ironically, while many hoped President Biden’s decision would have come sooner, the urgency of getting everything sorted immediately may prove very helpful. Very little time is left, even if the process remains “open,” for anyone to emerge as a viable Democratic candidate as long as Vice President Harris steps forward effectively.

And, a word about her.

Regardless of how one views her politics, the discipline shown throughout the entire term, but especially over the past few weeks, to let events play themselves out while remaining loyal to the President is impressive.

Having had a front-row seat with Vice President Bush, I can only say that the role of Vice President for someone who has campaigned successfully for elected office in the past and finds themselves playing a supporting role to the President is extremely difficult.

By no means is this campaign close to being over, but it is rapidly being reset in a way that makes the contest much more competitive.

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

One Amazing Story by One Amazing Individual by Craig Fuller

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One of the best lessons I learned during my eight years on the White House staff was the importance of two factors: how one spends their time; and, who they spend it with.

A President and Vice President have the opportunity to meet with pretty much anyone with whom they wish visit. Hence, I always thought one of my most important responsibilities as chief of staff to Vice President George Bush was to make the best use of his time and to insure he had opportunities with the best informed, clear and honest experts on critical issues.

In the mid-1980s, one of those issues was HIV/AIDS and there was no one better suited to help senior officials understand a disease spreading throughout the population than Dr. Tony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). He did not have the rank of a cabinet officer, nor did he run the National Institutes of Health (NIH). What he did have was total dedication to ridding us of, or reducing the threat from HIV/AIDS for millions of people throughout the world.

Having learned about his role, it seemed the best way for then Vice President Bush to understand the battle that Dr. Fauci and his team were waging would be to go to him for a briefing at NIAID in Bethesda, MD. While it broke with some protocol, the visit proved fateful. What the Vice President saw and heard left a strong impression. However, the most important part of the visit, I thought at the time, was that Bush found someone he could trust on the most challenging of health care matter.

After reading Dr. Tony Fauci’s book, On Call: A Doctor’s Journey in Public Service, I came to realize how incredibly important Dr. Fauci’s work has been to millions of people around the world. I also came to appreciate how that successful first briefing proved vital to providing Dr. Fauci with the support he would need to wage the battle.

Years later, Dr. Fauci would say in an interview something that makes this point so much better than I can. In a Miller Center interview, Dr. Fauci said about President George H.W. Bush,

Although he had a strong conservative base, he was driven much more by doing the right thing regardless of ideology. When he first came to the NIH as Vice President, that’s when I developed my relationship, the early part of my relationship with him. I was asked to show him around because I was the AIDS person here. We developed a good friendship that has lasted even up to today. 

As President, he kept on asking me to come down to the White House and explain to him the need for this and the need for that. He became very sympathetic and actually increased the budget a fair amount.

This relationship with President Bush would continue in significant ways with all the Presidents who would follow.

And, it’s his perspective that makes Dr. Fauci’s book so compelling. He committed himself in his twenties to fight infectious diseases and then did just that for five decades. The diseases and epidemics are familiar to us all. What is revealed about the work behind the scenes to save lives reads like any of our great mystery novels.

The take aways from Fauci’s “public service journey” are also compelling. His ability to build relationships and create collaborations across national boundaries and with people vocally opposed to him, and to do it all cheerfully and optimistically provides lessons for us all, especially to those who commit themselves to public service.

I have said many times that Dr. Tony Fauci is a national treasure. Anyone who reads his story will be, in my view, compelled to agree.

You can find more about the book by CLICKING HERE.

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

A Presidential Debate: No Commission / No Audience / Perhaps, No Gloves by Craig Fuller

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My first full emersion into debate preparation occurred in 1984 during President Reagan’s reelection campaign. Somehow these sessions have become a kind of Super Bowl in the presidential election contest.

There are four distinct time frames around which a candidate and his team strategize: the run-up to the debate; the pre-game commentary; the debate itself; and, of course the spin room spinning to tell reporters what they just witnessed.

Run-Up

Right now, a week out, we’re into the run-up. Somewhat predictably, the Biden campaign’s intention seems focused on getting under the thin skin of Donald Trump. A huge campaign ad buy reminds voters in all the close states that Trump is a convicted felon.

I get it. I just hope they don’t stick with this approach since it is not giving voters anything new to think about.

Pre-Game

The pre-game commentary is used to set the stage and to set expectations. The Trump campaign will be hard put to lower expectation with regard to their candidates performance. Just ask him. He’s the greatest debater ever.

It’s trickier for the Biden campaign. While they clearly do not want to set expectations too high, they do not want to suggest they doubt the President’s ability to engage.

Were it me, I’d suggest making every attempt to define what a successful debate would look like. And, I’d focus on substance. If President Biden makes some solid points about the economy, immigration, abortion rights and a touch of foreign policy, he will have succeeded. And, Trump will not likely go to substance; thus, the Biden team can claim Trump missed a huge opportunity to tell us what he favors.

The Debate

Neither Biden nor Trump have debated anyone in some time. That is a shared disadvantage. There is no audience; and, Trump likes to play to an audience. Also, the CNN team will reportedly utilize a kill switch on microphones if things get out of hand.

The real question is what tact does President Biden take.

Since he cannot over rant Donald Trump, I think he should bring substance to the table and, if the chance arrives, seek to humiliate. In other words go to substantive places where Trump just cannot go.

Biden could ask what the unemployment rate was for minorities when Trump left office. Ask him if he knows the number. Spoiler alert, minority unemployment was higher then than it is today.

Biden could share some content about his recent summit meeting. He could indicate he had a very meaningful conversation with the leader of Italy. Then, ask Trump if he knows the leader’s name.

No matter how much preparation the Trump team provides, it is very hard to imagine that Donald Trump will use his time to do anything other than lash out. He will hit at Hunter Biden’s conviction. He will challenge the President’s cognitive ability. He will attack the Justice Department and crooked judges.

It will be unpleasant for many of us. But, the key for Biden is not to take the bait and to use every opportunity to reach the group of voters in the middle who have yet to make up their mind about just how well the country is doing and who is better fit to serve as President.
Post-Debate Spin

In a large room near the stage where the debate occurs, numbers of prearranged Biden surrogates and Trump surrogates will be at the ready with talking points in hand BEFORE the debate even ends. iPhone technology will allow for updating, but each campaign will know what it wants to say before the debate ends.

What cannot be underestimated is the drama on stage. There is likely to be more than in past years, and you can’t sell reporters on something they did not see. I’ve always questioned the usefulness of the spin room and this year it may be of less value than ever before.

The other place the spin occurs is with the cable news channels. Anchors and commentators will be getting texts from both campaigns in real time exclaiming the brilliance of the retorts by their candidate. Again, you can’t make anyone unsee something or come to appreciate something that did not happen.

So friends, get ready for the first big event of Campaign 2024 coming at 9:00 PM EDT on June 27th from the CNN studios in Atlanta.

Oh, in case you are wondering about the unemployment statistics…according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics:

2020 / Overall unemployment: 8.1% / African Americans: 11.4% / Hispanic: 10.4%

May 2024/ Overall: 4.0% / African Americans: 6.1% / Hispanic: 5.0 %

Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.

An Enjoyable and Important White House Story by Craig Fuller

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During my time in the White House, one of the really bright lights on the staff was a young woman who handled administrative details. That woman, Anita McBride, served in three presidential administrations and became the chief of staff to First Lady Laura Bush during her time in the White House. She is now director of the First Ladies Initiative at American University, School of Public Affairs.
Just a few days ago, I had the good fortune to speak with Anita about her new book, Remember the First Ladies, and her mission to improve our understanding of the role of America’s First Ladies.
From her unique perspective and with a total commitment to the important role of First Ladies, Anita speaks and writes as no one else can about the exceptional role played by these remarkable individuals.  Arriving without specific responsibilities, the First Ladies find and define their own missions.
Here in Easton, we are in for a real treat as Anita McBride is coming to discuss all of this at 4:30 PM on Wednesday, June 26th, when she will be at The Ebenezer Theater to discuss the book.  All who attend will come away with a new appreciation for the contributions made by the women who have served in this role.
For further details and to purchase a ticket for the event (which includes a book), click here. 
Craig Fuller served four years in the White House as assistant to President Reagan for Cabinet Affairs, followed by four years as chief of staff to Vice President George H.W. Bush. Having been engaged in five presidential campaigns and running public affairs firms and associations in Washington, D.C., he now resides on the Eastern Shore and publishes DECADE SEVEN on Substack.

The Spy Newspapers may periodically employ the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the clarity and accuracy of our content.